Number of standard modifiable risk factors and mortality in patients with first-presentation ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: insights from China Acute Myocardial Infarction registry.

Previous studies from highly developed countries documented that there was a large proportion of patients presenting STEMI without any SMuRFs (14.5% in Canada [ 8 ], 14.9% in Sweden [ 7 ], 19% in Australia [ 13 ], and 23.1% in Japan) [ 11 ], with an increasing trend observed in some countries [ 6 , 13 ].

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When further adjusting for presenting characteristics, we found that the association was reversed but the trend did not reach statistical significance.

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