When whole blood was stimulated with TLR4, TLR7, and TLR9 agonists, the response pattern was consistent with the observations in isolated cells: IRAK1KD mice showed reduced IFN-α secretion following TLR7 and TLR9 stimulation and reduced IL-6 secretion following TLR4, TLR7, and TLR9 stimulation, yet the effect did not reach statistical significance for all conditions tested ( Figure 1, E and F ).
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