Even if the surrogacy of TRG and NAR for improved DFS has been validated in the CAO/ARO/AIO-04 trial [ 16 , 17 ] and a significant trend to higher tumor regression and low NAR score correlated with improved DFS and lower incidence of distant metastasis in the PRODIGE-23 trial [ 12 ], potential surrogacy of both parameters has not been broadly reported in recent trials ( Table 4 ) [ 10 , 13 , 14 ].
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Total Neoadjuvant Therapy for Rectal Cancer in the CAO/ARO/AIO-12 Randomized Phase 2 Trial: Early Surrogate Endpoints Revisited.
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