Osteopenia and osteoporosis among treatment-experienced people living with HIV.

A published meta-analysis found that although the proportion of individuals treated with protease inhibitors or TDF with osteopenia or osteoporosis was higher when compared to their respective controls, although these results did not reach statistical significance. 45 Thus, it is still unclear how and which drugs are truly associated with declining BMD, requiring more specific, longer, and more robust additional studies to conclude and refine future screening and management approaches and recommendations.

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