Excreted secreted products from the parasitic nematode Steinernema carpocapsae manipulate the Drosophila melanogaster immune response.

Also, we observed that the Dpp ligand of the bone morphogenic protein (BMP) signaling branch of the TGF-β pathway 17 , showed a trend of reduced expression for the group treated with the nematode ESPs compared to the control group, but the reduction was not statistically significant (Fig. 3 c).

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