Human mesenchymal stromal cells release functional mitochondria in extracellular vesicles.

Although the experimental group contained a mean of 6-fold more double-positive events than the TMRM control, the difference did not reach statistical significance ( p = 0.0735) due to high variability in the experimental group between trials ( n = 3). 3.4 MitoEVs are taken up by chondrocytes and incorporated into chondrocyte mitochondrial networks To interrogate whether articular chondrocytes are capable of taking up MSC-derived mitoEVs from the extracellular environment, we stained murine chondrocytes with MitoTracker Red to label the MT networks, tthen incubated them with MVs isolated from MSCs expressing endogenous, MT-specific green fluorescence ( Figure 4A ).

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