Risk and protective factors for atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery and valvular interventions: an umbrella review of meta-analyses.

Following previous umbrella reviews, 13 we considered as convincing the associations with>1000 cases a highly significant association (p-value<1 × 10 −6 ), no large between-study heterogeneity, no evidence of excess significance bias or small study effects, and a 95% prediction interval excluding the null value.

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Overall, 30 of the 48 (63%) associations reported a nominally significant summary result at p<0.05 (19 had p≤0.001).

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