Absence of long-term changes in urine biomarkers after AKI: findings from the CRIC study.

They did find that AKI was associated with mildly significant greater percent increases in urinary YKL-40 ( p = 0.03), NGAL ( p = 0.02), alpha-1 microglobulin ( p = 0.009), and IL-18 ( p = 0.03), but no adjustments were performed for baseline differences between those with and without AKI [ 22 ].

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As discussed above, we may have been underpowered to detect small effects of AKI on changes in these urine biomarkers, but none of the biomarkers showed AKI-associated changes of even borderline significance (Table 3 ).

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