Association between Smokeless Tobacco Use and Waterpipe Smoking and the Risk of Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Current Epidemiological Evidence.

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev · 2022 · PMC9587856 · PMID 35633527

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did not reach statistical significanceno p-value reported

Only the Lee and Hamling (2009) review presented results from studies restricted to non-smokers, finding a pooled OR of 1.34 (95%CI 0.80 – 2.23) similar to our own combined estimate of 1.53 (1.09 -2.14), although their result did not reach statistical significance.

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