Flow characteristics of open channels based on patch distribution of partially discontinuous rigid combined vegetation.

From an ecological perspective, the low flow velocity area was more suitable for the survival of aquatic organisms ( Widdows & Navarro, 2007 ; Folkard & Gascoigne, 2009 ), concluded from the Figures 11A–F , in the process of water flow downstream, the velocity of the vegetation array (L 3 ) and the vegetation passage (L 4 ) in the patch area and the spaced area showed a trend of decreasing gradually with the increase of the downstream distance, and the flow velocity was more moderate in the downstream parts of the river.

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In addition, the streamwise velocity in the non-vegetated area was also somewhat affected by the vegetation distribution form in the vegetated area, that is, with the increase of the comprehensive stem thickness and discrete degree of the combined vegetation, the streamwise velocity in the non-vegetated area showed an increasing trend.

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With the increase in the comprehensive stem thickness and dispersion degree of the combined vegetation, the average streamwise velocity in the vegetated area showed a decreasing trend, while that in the non-vegetated area showed an increasing trend.

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