Environmental, individual and social traits of free-ranging raccoons influence performance in cognitive testing.

J Exp Biol · 2022 · PMC9637273 · PMID 36137301

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a decreasing trendno p-value reported

This allowed us to determine whether individuals showed improvement by demonstrating a decreasing trend in number of errors made across reversals, and whether individuals had a side bias (i.e. significant effect of side assigned as the positive stimulus) that would affect performance.

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showed a trendno p-value reported

Three raccoons showed significant improvement across serial reversals, and an additional four raccoons also showed a trend towards improvement characterized by a negative slope ( Table 2 ; Table S4 ).

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