Are the antidepressant effects of insulin-sensitizing medications related to improvements in metabolic markers?

Transl Psychiatry · 2022 · PMC9643486 · PMID 36347837

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borderline significantno p-value reported

In contrast, a single study reported a borderline significant improvement in symptoms in their placebo group in comparison to the pioglitazone group [ 26 ].

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showed a trendno p-value reported

The third study failed to demonstrate antidepressant efficacy of pioglitazone over placebo and in fact showed a trend favoring placebo.

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.