Transdermal Delivery of Succinate Accelerates Energy Dissipation of Brown Adipocytes to Reduce Remote Fat Accumulation.

Serum IL-6 concentrations were significantly increased by the SCW treatment in HFD-fed mice compared with the local SCMN treatment ( Figure 5 D), whereas changes in serum TNF-α concentrations failed to reach statistical significance between two groups ( Figure 5 E).

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