Threats to public figures and association with approach, as a proxy for violence: The importance of grievance.

The link between approach and the use of emotive language in the threats was highly significant in the mixed motivations sample: 23 (60.5%): 20 (32.8%), χ 2 = 7.333, p = 0.007, φ = 0.272, OR 3.143 (1.354–7.295), and in the aggrieved sample 10 (76.9%): 6 (26.1%), χ 2 = 8.693, p = 0.003, φ = 0.491, OR 9.444 (1.924–12.645), but not in the relationship-seeking sample: 9 (45%): 4 (28.6%), χ 2 = 0.941, NS, 0.166.

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In the aggrieved cases, the association between conditional threats and approach fell short of significance in the current sample ( p = 0.078), whilst there was an effect size of 0.247.

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There was a trend for the reverse in the relationship seekers and, although this difference did not reach statistical significance in this sample, the effect size was −0.286 (refer to Table 6 ).

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