Intracranial human recordings reveal association between neural activity and perceived intensity for the pain of others in the insula.

BBP across the 85 sites in the early period for Hands can be used to predict the patients’ average rating of the stimulus with reasonably high accuracy (n = 10 trials since 1/3 of the 30 unique videos were used for testing decoding performance for each randomization, r P(8) = 0.575, p 1 =9 × 10 –4 based on reshuffled distribution), and BBP in the late period for Faces with almost significant accuracy ( r P(8) = 0.331, p 1 =0.058, Figure 4e ).

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For Faces, only 1/5 microelectrodes with spike intensity coding cells showed significant intensity coding in the BBP, and 2/5 showed a trend.

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Interestingly, using partial correlations, we see that the correlation between rating and BBP remains highly significant when seeing the belt hit the hand even after removing what can be explained by motion energy, but we have evidence for the absence of a correlation between motion energy and BBP if removing the variance explained by rating ( Figure 3n ).

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