Changes in launch delay and availability of pharmaceuticals in 30 European markets over the past two decades.

BMC Health Serv Res · 2022 · PMC9714155 · PMID 36451186

Europe PMC DOI

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closest p

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highly significantp < 0.000not a probability at all

Because the investigated variables were not normally distributed (all p -values were highly significant using the Shapiro-Wilk test: launch delay ( p < 0.000), availability of pharmaceuticals ( p < 0.000), GDP ( p < 0.000)), we employed correlation analysis according to Spearman (for launch delay) and a point biserial correlation (for availability).

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a clear trendno p-value reported

Results There was a clear trend towards a decrease in launch delays across all countries from 2000 (37.2 months) to 2017 (11.8 months).

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.