Differences in retinopathy prevalence and associated risk factors across 11 countries in three continents: A cross-sectional study of 156,090 children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes.

In contrast to some previous reports, 5 , 26 in two largest datasets (Germany and England) the female gender was associated with a higher odd ratio of DR in our analysis, while it failed to reach statistical significance in other countries.

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