Freehand Pre-drilling Technique for Lateral Mass Screw Fixation Is More Efficient and Reliable Versus Sequential Drilling Technique: A Sawbone Analysis.

For all detected pairwise differences at p<0.05 and pairwise comparisons approaching significance at p<0.1, effect size (ES) is presented as Cohen's D statistic [Cohen's d = (Mean2 - Mean1) / SDpooled] whereby values are interpreted as follows: ES < 0.1, negligible; ES 0.1-0.3, small; ES 0.3-0.5, moderate; ES 0.5-0.7, larger; and ES > 0.7, very large.

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