Consensus and Diversity in the Management of Varicocele for Male Infertility: Results of a Global Practice Survey and Comparison with Guidelines and Recommendations.

Some support for correcting a varicocele in this group comes from studies that have shown higher sperm retrieval during microdissection TESE if the varicocele has been corrected earlier [ 103 , 104 ] and a meta-analysis showed a strong trend towards improved live birth rates following VR (OR, 2.208; p=0.052) [ 44 ].

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However, a systematic review [ 83 ] of men undergoing VR of recurrent varicocele by surgery, retrograde embolization, or antegrade sclerotherapy reported high rates of success in treating the recurrence and highly significant improvement in semen parameters.

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reported that the number of publications on male infertility and varicocele demonstrated an increasing trend from 1988 to 2018 [ 5 ].

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