PI3K/AKT/mTOR and AMPK/mTOR are two quite significant upstream signaling pathways of mTOR in autophagy regulation, which is implicated in tumor progression, myocardial dysfunction, neurodegeneration and metabolic disorders. 7 , 8 Moreover, Wnt signaling pathway is associated with autophagy repression, and is involved in embryogenesis and differentiation.
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Epigenetic and post-translational modifications in autophagy: biological functions and therapeutic targets.
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