Gadolinium-based contrast agent exposures and physical and cognitive disability in multiple sclerosis.

Also, a previous study that examined patients with secondary progressive MS in a clinical trial who received five or more GBCA exposures also showed a trend for better outcome over 2 years on expanded disability status scale and MS functional composite when compared to the group with four or fewer GBCA exposures ( p = .09). 8 The fact that other variables such as T2LV significantly correlate with clinical outcome measures suggests that the effect of GBCA exposure is smaller or more variable than effects related to the MS disease process.

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