Comorbidities complicating heart failure: changes over the last 15 years.

In the 2002-HF cohort, cerebrovascular disease, diabetes mellitus and CKD showed to be an independent predictor for adverse outcome, with respect to HF hospitalization and all-cause mortality ( p = 0.002, p = 0.006, p = 0.021, respectively), and atrial fibrillation/flutter showed a trend towards poor outcome, although not significant.

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