Machine-learning classification identifies patients with early systemic sclerosis as abatacept responders via CD28 pathway modulation.

We found that the core enrichment genes ( n = 23) showed a decreasing trend between baseline and 6-month time points in improvers treated with abatacept ( Figure 2A , P = 0.064), with no significant changes in abatacept-treated nonimprovers ( Figure 2B ), placebo-treated improvers ( Figure 2C ), or placebo-treated nonimprovers ( Figure 2D ).

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Although there was an increase in the number of patients in the fibroproliferative subset that changed to the normal-like subset on abatacept treatment relative to placebo treatment, these differences did not reach statistical significance ( Figure 1D ; fibroproliferative, Fisher’s exact test, P = 0.214).

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