Association between multiple vitamins and bone mineral density: a cross-sectional and population-based study in the NHANES from 2005 to 2006.

The factor 1, which had heavy loadings on ‘fat-soluble vitamins’ as vitamins E, A, and D, was associated with decreased total femur ( β = 0.002, 95% CI: − 0.004, 0.008; P value = 0.480) and femoral neck ( β = − 0.004, 95% CI: − 0.010, 0.002; P value = 0.161) BMDs, although the effect values did not reach statistical significance.

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