Peri-Operative Risk Factors Associated with Post-Operative Cognitive Dysfunction (POCD): An Umbrella Review of Meta-Analyses of Observational Studies.

J Clin Med · 2023 · PMC9965885 · PMID 36836145

Europe PMC DOI

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closest p · 1.0× alpha

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nominally significantp < 0.05actually significant

We conducted a test for excess significance for all outcomes [ 31 ], which evaluates whether the number of studies with nominally significant results (i.e., p < 0.05) within an included meta-analysis, exceeds what would be expected based on the statistical power of the meta-analysis.

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