The relationship between diet quality and the severity of household food insecurity in Canada.

Analyses of US data have revealed highly significant associations between food insecurity and nutrient deficiencies among children ( 83 , 84 ) , adolescents ( 85 ) and adults ( 86 ) , as well as associations with biomarkers of chronic disease ( 87 – 90 ) and cumulative biological risk ( 91 ) .

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Carbohydrate, total sugar, fat and saturated fat intake/1000 kcal did not differ by food insecurity status, but there was a significant negative trend in protein/1000 kcal among older children, a positive trend in Na/1000 kcal among younger children and inverse associations between food insecurity severity and several micronutrients/1000 kcal among adults and older children.

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Compared with the food secure, protein comprised a significantly lower proportion of energy among older children in severely food-insecure households and men in moderately food-insecure households, and there was a significant trend in the % energy from protein for older children ( P trend = 0·010) (Table 4 ).

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