Further Unweighted_unifrac Adonis analysis indicated there was a highly significant independent distribution of gut microbiota between the P group and N group ( p = 0.001) ( Figure 2B ). 3.3 Functional prediction of gut microbiota 3.3.1 Functional prediction in gut microbiota based on MetaCyc metabolic pathway As shown in Figure 3 , the MetaCyc database was used to predict the primary metabolic functions of the gut microbiota in groups N and P.
Excerpts
The differences between these two groups in the number of unique OTUs were highly significant ( Table 2 ; P < 0.001).
One-way ANOVA revealed highly significant treatment effects on all measured parameters ( p < 0.001).
aeruginosa early biofilm at 470 μF capacitance at 4°C and 25°C and at three different irradiation frequencies of 540, 720, and 900 was highly significant compared to the control, with a bactericidal rate of >80% ( p < 0.001).
Citrate synthase (Intca_04135), the enzyme catalyzing the conversion of acetyl-CoA to citrate and the first step of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, showed a highly significant increase in transcript abundance between EE-LE and -ST (lfc = 4.3 ± 0.5, p < 0.001; 6.9 ± 0.5, p < 0.001).
Bacterioplankton Community Structure Abundances of the bacterioplankton phylogenetic groups detected by CARD-FISH generally covaried with total bacterioplankton cells as shown by highly significant linear correlations of all phylogenetic groups (mean r 2 = 0.73, range 0.62–0.90; p < 0.001) except the Polaribacter cluster ( Figure 5 ).
The difference in fold change between the sexes was highly significant (Mann–Whitney U = 0, p < 0.001, r = 0.83).
With the development of the phenological period, the phyllosphere bacterial richness index (Chao1) and diversity index (Shannon) changed, and two indices are highly significant differences ( p -value <0.001) were observed at both the he3 vs. in3 and he5 vs. in5 ( Figures 2A , B ; Table 1 ).
Kaplan–Meier analysis confirmed highly significant differences in survival across groups (log-rank test, p < 0.001).
Conversely, the C i under P treatment showed highly significant differences ( p < 0.001).
The Kruskal-Wallis test revealed highly significant differences between time groups for all classes: i. diplococci : H = 368.61, p < 0.001; ii. monococci : H = 148.21, p < 0.001; iii. tetracocci : H = 18.11, p = 0.0004; 3.
The results were presented as means +/± standard deviation (SD), and the difference between means is considered significant if ∗ P < 0.05, very significant if ∗∗ P < 0.01, and extremely significant if ∗∗∗ P < 0.001.
The analysis indicated a highly significant disparity between the two groups (χ 2 = 45.0, df = 1, p < 0.001), confirming that Z2-1 inoculation markedly promoted the establishment of symbiosis between P. umbellatus and A. gallica .
Our correlation matrix (Spearman’s rho) also identified several highly significant ( p < 0.001) relationships between het-2 (and het-1) abundance favoring higher light intensity and quality, including PAR and beam transmission (Supplementary Table S2 ).
Differences were considered as significant ( ∗ p < 0.05), very significant ( ∗∗ p < 0.01), highly significant ( ∗∗∗ p < 0.001), or very highly significant ( ∗∗∗∗ p < 0.0001).
In RG and IS, we furthermore observed a decreasing trend of aerobes and facultative anaerobes ( p < 0.001 and p = 0.002, respectively) and an increase of anaerobes during the observational period ( p < 0.001 for both, Figure 6 ).
Based on the whole dataset, the correlation between the environmental variables and the community structure was highly significant (Mantel statistic, r = 0.60, P < 0.001).
glaucum , IPL at three different capacitance parameters resulted in a highly significant reduction in the number of molds compared to the control group ( p < 0.001).
The root mycorrhizal infection of cherry tomato showed an extremely significant difference among different AMF inoculation treatments ( P = 0.001).
Furthermore, hierarchical AMOVA revealed that most of the evident genetic diversity is collectively accredited to highly significant genetic differences between the four whitefly cryptic species (Fst: 91.83%; P < 0.001), and the haplotypes within these cryptic species contributed to 8.16% of the variation ( Supplementary Table S6 ).
Food intake and body weight In the responder study, repeated-measures ANOVA of daily food intake revealed a highly significant effect of diet, time, and their interactions (all p < 0.001; Figure 1A ), where rats fed the soluble dietary fibers GLUC (10% w/w oat beta-glucan), FOS (10% w/w fructooligosaccharides), and PECT (10% w/w pectin) each had significantly lower daily food intakes relative to those fed either 5% (CONT) or 10% (CELL) w/w cellulose control diets ( Figure 1A ).
The differences in abundance among Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Chloroflexi, Gemmatimonadetes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Acidobacteria were extremely significant ( P < 0.001) at the phylum level ( Figure 2F ), while at the genus level, the abundance differences among Pseudomonas , Ralstonia , Lechevalieria , Rhodanobacter , Rhodococcus , Bacillus , and Flavobacterium were extremely significant ( P < 0.001).
The correlation was deemed significant if p < 0.05 and highly significant if p < 0.001.
On a relative basis, the FBA gene of the F10-D strain presented extremely significant upregulation on days 5 and 7 in YPD + Fru medium, with a 1.4-fold increase on day 5 ( p < 0.001) compared to that in the YPD group; the FBA gene of the T17-D strain in YPD + Fru medium was upregulated on days 1, 3, and 5, with a 1.5-fold increase on day 5 ( p < 0.05); the FBA gene of the TF15-A strain was extremely significantly upregulated on days 1, 3, 5, and 7, and the expression level was upregulated almost 2.5-fold ( p < 0.001) on day 5.
For the bacteria, the interaction effect between biochar addition and time was extremely significant ( p < 0.001).