“an increasing trend”

The governing principle of this approach is using scaffolds to deliver appropriate biomolecules to the defect area; the biomolecules are released from the scaffolds in a controlled manner and may recruit progenitor cells toward the defect area and promote their proliferation and differentiation, thereby enhancing tissue regeneration. In recent years, an increasing trend toward the combination of these two approaches is observed ( 5 – 8 ), because the scaffolds with controlled release of biomolecules can induce the seeded cells to proliferate and differentiate during an ex vivo pre-culture period, thereby encouraging tissue formation after implantation in vivo .

It is interesting to note that the mean malaria parasite density in infected volunteers exhibited an increasing trend from 2007 to 2009 and fluctuated in 2010 in Kombewa ( Fig. 2A ) and Iguhu ( Fig. 2B ).

It is also important to notice, that even after a one-year follow-up period the AUDIT scores were still very high for the alcohol misuse group, and indicated an increasing trend for the nonmisusers.

About 229,392,725 adult males and 11,908,517 adult females are estimated to use tobacco in India.[ 28 ] Smoking tobacco has been found to be an independent risk factor for stomach cancer.[ 29 ] Current smokers were found to be at a higher risk as compared to non-smokers and ex-smokers.[ 30 ] A significantly increased risk was observed with increased smoking in South Indian study.[ 24 ] Increased risk was also observed among the tobacco chewers.[ 30 ] The risk showed an increasing trend with the increase in frequency and amount of tobacco use and decreasing trend with the number of years since the practice of consuming tobacco was discontinued.

Heterozygosity showed an increasing trend from almost zero in the Baltic to close to 50% in western Atlantic samples (Table 1 , Additional file 3 : Table S1).

Despite the fact that direct comparisons of results of different studies are difficult due to the use of different methods for the measurement of 25-OHD concentrations and that different definitions for vitamin D deficiency have been used, the findings of our study indicate that the rate of severe vitamin D deficiency status has an increasing trend.

As a response to difficulties encountered using strict rational design approaches, there is an increasing trend towards the use of molecular biology strategies that mimic evolutionary processes.

Revenue collected at provincial and district hospitals show an increasing trend since 2003, while revenue collection at health centers and dispensaries has been on the decline (Figure 3 ).

Our study possibly points toward an increasing trend in the incidence of keratitis due to pigmented fungi, especially in this part of the world.

In comparison, genes involved in cell structure and motility, chemotaxis, signal transduction and transcription showed an increasing trend in gene expression.

First, the summers have become warmer, while the winters became colder; second, there exists a significant decreasing trend of the daily maximum and minimum temperature during the cool season and an increasing trend during the warm season ( Ben-Gai et al. 1999 ).

In our study, we did not evaluate the number of kissing partners but we also observed an increasing trend of positive oral HPV infections as the number of lifetime vaginal sex partners increased.

The difference between observed and modeled incidence rates should therefore be explained by an increasing trend in background incidence.

In the ICU setting, the overall incidence of AKI is approximately 36% [ 5 , 6 ], and an increasing trend has been reported [ 7 , 8 ].

For the trends over time there will be approximately 90% power for an increasing trend over five years leading to a 5% increase in any group (e.g..75 to.80) based on Cochran-Armitage test of trend with power calculations described by Hintze [ 54 ].

Such an increasing trend was already pointed out by Sagar et al, 9 and Pollock et al, 10 Fingerhut et al, 11 also reported firearms to be the most common murder weapon in the United States.

In general, there was an increasing trend of victims among this very young group in both counties from 2004 to 2007 ( Figure 4 ).

We found an increasing trend for hospitals to refer injured patients to the trauma referral centre, indicating an informal process of trauma care centralisation during the study period.

There is an increasing trend in the proportion of Plasmodium falciparum infection in India during the last few decades and the parasite has become resistant to conventional drugs 1 .

Serum total cholesterol and LDL-C showed an increasing trend but had no significant changes as compared with those in normal controls.

However, an increasing trend in prevalence of congenital malaria has been reported recently.

From 2003 onwards HepB showed an increasing trend, with the prevalence peaking in 2005 (2.63%).

In Romania and Serbia and Montenegro, an increasing trend was observed while in other countries, after many years of increasing cancer mortality, rates were decreasing.

There has been an increasing trend in the literature to advise earlier surgical correction of deformity and arthrodesis, based on the assumption that surgical stabilization would lead to an improved patient-perceived quality of life ( 51 ).

There was an increasing trend in mean BMI at 45 years with longer obesity duration; waist circumference also differed, by almost 10 cm on average, between child- and midadulthood onset groups.