Maternal Exposure to Cigarette Smoke during Pregnancy and Testicular Cancer in Offspring: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Life (Basel) · 2023 · PMC10054792 · PMID 36983774

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showed a trendno p-value reported

All three ecological studies showed a trend toward a higher risk of testicular cancer according to proxies of maternal exposure to cigarette smoking in pregnancy.

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did not reach statistical significanceno p-value reported

Therefore, even in instances where an increased risk was indicated, the estimates did not reach statistical significance. 4.4.

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