Neoadjuvant immune checkpoint blockade triggers persistent and systemic T<sub>reg</sub> activation which blunts therapeutic efficacy against metastatic spread of breast tumors.

CD8+ T cell-depletion showed a trend in reverting the therapeutic benefit of neoadjuvant ICB+DT (figure S5C, p = 0.12).

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Specifically, we found that ICB+DT induced a clear trend toward increased frequency of CD8+ T cells in the tumor and a statistically significant increase in the frequency of CD4+ T helper cells and CD4+CD8+ T cells ( Figure 3A-C ).

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