The influence of background music and narrative setting on anthropomorphic judgements of killer whale (Orcinus orca) emotional states and subsequent donation behavior.

PLoS One · 2023 · PMC10208518 · PMID 37224091

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hedged sentences

0.0540

closest p · 1.1× alpha

0.0540

boldest claim

The sentences

did not reach statistical significancep = .054so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

Participants who heard sad or angry background music were less likely to see the killer whale’s emotion as happy, but these effects did not reach statistical significance at α = .05 level: sad vs control B = -.44, SE = .23, W = 3.70, p = .054 and angry vs control B = -.38 (SE = .23) W = 2.73, p = .098.

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failed to reach statistical significanceno p-value reported

While this result failed to reach statistical significance, it is nonetheless in line with our hypotheses.

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