Exposure-Response Analysis of the Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors Dapagliflozin and Empagliflozin on Kidney Hemodynamics in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.

Modeling both sex and ALAT resulted in the most optimal multivariable model fit with females having an estimated 49.89% lower AUC compared to males and each unit/L higher ALAT being associated with a 1.94% lower AUC, albeit these associations did not reach statistical significance when they were both entered in the multivariable model (both p = 0.13) ( Table 2 ).

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High levels of liver enzymes (GGT and ALAT) also showed a trend towards a lower dapagliflozin exposure, which is surprising because impaired liver function would be expected to be associated with higher drug exposure due to decreased metabolism [ 25 ].

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