Who punishes? Personality traits predict individual variation in punitive sentiment.

Evol Psychol · 2013 · PMC10426977 · PMID 23531805

Europe PMC

hedged sentences

0.0660

closest p · 1.3× alpha

0.0660

boldest claim

The sentences

approached significancep = .066so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

The only factor that approached significance was a main effect of sex [ F (1,192) = 3.41, p = .066, d = .26], but only in participants' desire to punish the cheater ( M ± SE ; males: 5.4 ± 2.5, females: 4.7 ± 2.6).

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near-significantno p-value reported

Effects of participant sex in our study were also in the same direction as those in O'Gorman et al.'s study: they found a near-significant tendency for women to express more sympathy for the group member in the helping scenario (this was significant in our study, as was desire to help), but in neither study did participant sex have effects on anger towards the transgressor or contributions to help.

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.