Delivery mechanism can enhance probiotic activity against honey bee pathogens.

Single timepoint weighing of honey supers (additional boxes provided for honey storage used as an approximation of honey production) further showed a trend toward increased weight in the P + LX3 group relative to P group at W12, although the difference did not reach statistical significance (33.30 ± 1.86 vs. 28.78 ± 2.82 kg/hive, two-tailed t -test, p = 0.2054; Fig. 1E ).

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