<i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</i> L47 and inulin alleviate enterotoxigenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> induced ileal inflammation in piglets by upregulating the levels of α-linolenic acid and 12,13-epoxyoctadecenoic acid.

Compared with the CON group, ETEC challenges showed a trend towards the increased transcription expression of LOC110259329 ( Fig. 6 C, P = 0.09), lower transcription expression of PLA2G2A , and higher transcription expression of PLB1 , whereas the L. plantarum L47 and inulin pretreatment enhanced the transcription expression of PLA2G2A and CYP3A29 upon ETEC challenges ( Fig. 6A– B and D, P < 0.05).

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P -values < 0.05 represent a significant difference and P -values between 0.05 and 0.1 show a significant trend. 3 Results 3.1 Growth performance During the 21 d, L. plantarum L47 and inulin administration did not affect the body weight, average daily gain, average daily feed intake, ratio of feed to gain, and diarrhoea rate of the pigs from d 1–21 of the experimental period ( Table 3 ). 3.2 Ileal morphology As shown in Fig. 1 , ileal morphology was examined using H&E staining to determine the effects of the combination L. plantarum L47 and inulin treatment on pigs.

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