Resolving sepsis-induced immunoparalysis via trained immunity by targeting interleukin-4 to myeloid cells.

Although the data show restored innate immune responses, with a substantial increase of IL6 production and a clear trend towards increased TNF concentrations in the serum of mice treated with IL4 m -aNP, full-blown dose-range-finding studies are required to expand the potential of IL4-aNP therapy in a range of immune-mediated diseases that are characterized by concurrent hyper-inflammation and immunoparalysis.

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Using an area under the curve (AUC) analysis of six primer pairs showed a decrease of H3K9me3 in IL4-induced trained immunity, although this did not reach statistical significance (Fig. 2h and Extended Data Fig. 2f ).

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