Subthalamic nucleus physiology is correlated with deep brain stimulation motor and non-motor outcomes.

Although the mean median pitch remained within normal range with an overall non-significant change (−3.8, NS), analysis by gender showed a trend for statistical significance ( P = 0.05) on the impact on median pitch (i.e. the fundamental frequency): while it decreased among 80% of the female patients [from 203 ± 38 to 189 ± 31 Hz (normal range: 140–220 Hz), n = 19], it was almost unchanged in the male patients [from 135.2 ± 23 to 134.5 ± 26 Hz (normal range: 85–180 Hz), n = 29] ( Supplementary Fig. 1 ).

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The change in the other speech scores did not reach statistical significance ( Fig. 3A–D ).

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