Neurons in the primary visual cortex of freely moving rats encode both sensory and non-sensory task variables.

This effect was weakly significant when tested by the Mann–Whitney U test ( p = 0.0032) in which sessions from all animals in each task were grouped together, as is often done in systems neuroscience.

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While stimulus and choice decoding were accurate to similar levels as in the visual decision task, the decoding performance for rewarded versus missed reward trials showed a trend toward decreasing in the visually independent task.

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