Sustained Liver HBsAg Loss and Clonal T- and B-Cell Expansion upon Therapeutic DNA Vaccination Require Low HBsAg Levels.

Although the differences between mice that received the vaccine alone and those that received the sequential treatment of GalNAc-HBV siRNA and therapeutic vaccine were not significant, there was a clear trend of more TCR clonal expansion in the dual treatment group over time compared to the vaccine-only group.

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In addition, the mature populations also showed an interesting trend across the different arms, where the GalNAc-HBV siRNA followed by the therapeutic vaccination group showed higher frequency of the type I IFN (ISG) neutrophils and lower immunosuppressive (MMP9) neutrophils than both the control siRNA and therapeutic vaccine groups and the mock group ( Figure 4 C).

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Frequency comparison between the treatment groups showed a trend (albeit non-significant) of decreased naïve T cells in both vaccinated groups irrespective of siRNA in comparison with the mock group ( Figure S6A ).

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