Untargeted metabolomic analysis investigating links between unprocessed red meat intake and markers of inflammation.

Although the relationships between sentinel spectral features and markers of inflammation were all significantly attenuated when controlling for BMI (which accounted for 13%–31% of the unadjusted associations, P = 0.03 to P = 2.0 × 10 −16 ; Table 5 ), almost all of the feature-inflammation associations remained significant ( P = 0.0002 to P = 2.0 × 10 −16 ; Table 5 ), with the exception of the association between glutamine/proline betaine at IL-6, which approached significance ( β = −0.25 ± 0.08; P = 0.002; Table 5 ).

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Characteristics of the participants with and without metabolomic data were highly similar, with nominally significant differences found for only a few traits ( Supplementary Table 2 ).

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