Inhibition of anti-tumor immunity by melanoma cell-derived Activin-A depends on STING.

Already at the early stage of tumor growth examined here by scRNA-seq, we observed a strong trend for reduced CD8 + T cell infiltration in βA compared to Ctrl tumors, whereas the number of CD4 + T cells was unchanged ( Figures 4A, B ).

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Quantification of T cell subtypes based on their gene signatures showed that βA expression reduced the intratumoral accumulation of naïve-like T cells, whereas a trend for a decrease in effector memory T cells and early active CD8 + T cells did not reach statistical significance at this stage, and the number of CD4 + Tregs was unchanged compared to Ctrl ( Figure 4C ).

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