In contrast, supervised analysis of biopsy CyTOF data demonstrated a borderline significant increase in HLA-DR + IECs in UC and UC-VDZ samples compared to HC, and a trend toward reduced CD15 hi IECs in UC, with expansion in VDZ-treated patients (Fig. 4d–f ).
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Single-cell and spatial multi-omics highlight effects of anti-integrin therapy across cellular compartments in ulcerative colitis.
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There was an apparent reduction in total naïve CD4 + and CD8 + T cells in VDZ-treated UC patients compared to other therapies, although the results did not reach statistical significance (Supplementary Fig. 12d ).
While not statistically significant, both subsets showed a trend toward increase in UC and reduction with VDZ (Fig. 5i, j ), similar to the pattern observed with CITE-seq.