The S1 subunits of SARS-CoV-2 variants differentially trigger the IL-6 signaling pathway in human brain endothelial cells and downstream impact on microglia activation.

Exposure for 24 h to S1 and HT-S1 also resulted in a strong trend toward an increase in the expression of cytoplasmic gp130.

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While there were trends towards an increase in the levels of the membrane-bound gp130 in all treatment groups at 48 h, these changes did not reach statistical significance ( Figure 2B ).

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