Advanced waveform analysis of diaphragm surface EMG allows for continuous non-invasive assessment of respiratory effort in critically ill patients at different PEEP levels.

The improved parameter calculation and automated and objective quality assessment resulted in a significant trend ( p < 0.01) when applying the tolerant quality criteria, which translates into a NMCdi decrease of 4.3 percentage point (pp) per cmH 2 O of PEEP relative to a PEEP of 3 cmH 2 O.

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PEEP effect on NMCdi When manually excluding only those sEAdi recordings that showed no respiratory activity, a non-significant ( p = 0.06) effect of PEEP on normalised NMCdi was found, although a negative trend was visible (Fig. 3 , manual basic).

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