Single-cell analysis identifies conserved features of immune dysfunction in simulated microgravity and spaceflight.

Active GTP-Rac1 was not altered at baseline in simulated microgravity, though showed a trend to induction with TLR7/8 stimulation (Supplementary Fig. 18D, E ).

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Both IL-6 and IL-8 showed significant or near-significant increases by ELISA in simulated microgravity, while IL-1β demonstrated a trending increase (Fig. 6G , Supplementary Fig. 19E ).

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While the reason for this finding is unclear, it appears to have been driven by a highly significant reduction in score by naive B cells, naive CD4 + T cells, and reductions in lesser studied PBMC populations, hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC)s and double negative T cells.

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