Gum Arabic Increases Phagocytosis of Escherichia coli by Blood Leukocytes of Young and Old Healthy Volunteers

TNF-α and IL-6 were slightly higher than the respective concentrations in unstimulated whole blood; the differences, however, failed to reach statistical significance [TNF-α: control 26.7 (7.0/76.5), GA 40.2 (7.0/74.5), CpG 18.0 (7.0/240.1); IL-6: control 20.4 (7.0/305.8), GA 33.9 (10.4/251.9), CpG 18.6 (7.0/646.3), both p > 0.05, Friedman test] ( Figure 4 A,B).

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The differences between the IL-6 concentrations did not reach statistical significance ( Figure 4 C,D). 3.

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