Thyroid cancer and endocrine disruptive chemicals: a case-control study on per-fluoroalkyl substances and other persistent organic pollutants.

On the contrary, an increased risk of TC was found for linear PFOS values in both the second (OR = 2.93, 95% CI: 1.26–6.80, P = 0.012) and the third quartile (OR = 2.42, 95% CI: 1.05–5.57, P = 0.038), while the association with the fourth quartile, although in the same direction, did not reach statistical significance (OR = 1.68, 95% CI: 0.68–4.11, P = 0.259).

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Concerning the single exposure effect, we observed a negative trend for the association between the risk of TC and PFHxS, PFOA, and PCB-118, while a positive correlation was found for linear PFOS and PFDA ( Fig. 2 ).

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