Assessment of Biochemical, Inflammatory Biomarkers and Ultra-Processed Food Consumption in Children with Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth: A Cross-Sectional Study.

However, children with a positive SIBO test had a higher consumption of ultra-processed foods, as indicated by a strong trend ( p = 0.06, Table 2 ).

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In addition, another meta-analysis of five studies found that the increased risk of SIBO in individuals with obesity did not reach statistical significance, but was significant when only studies from Western countries were included [ 22 ], where ultra-processed food consumption is higher [ 5 ], which highlights the importance of the present study in discussing the effects of ultra-processed food consumption on SIBO.

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In addition, SIBO-positive children had increased levels of IL-17 and decreased levels of IL-10, and logistic regression adjusted for sex, BMI and age showed that consumption of ultra-processed foods and IL-6 levels may be significant predictors of SIBO.

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