The Weighted UniFrac algorithm found trending towards significance difference ( P = 0.059) in the composition of the gut bacterial population between the subjects in the ADHD group and the subjects in the Control group ( Fig. 1 D).
Results ADHD subjects demonstrated significantly reduced gut microbiota diversity, as indicated by lower α-diversity indices (Shannon index, Observed species, Faith PD index) and a trend towards significance in β-diversity (Weighted UniFrac).
This analysis identified seven biomarkers at the phylum, family, and genus levels that significantly differ between the study groups, with three additional biomarkers showing a tendency towards significance.