Concurrent <i>Ascaris</i> infection modulates host immunity resulting in impaired control of <i>Salmonella</i> infection in pigs.

In contrast to intestinal IL-4 responses, both the Ascaris and coinfected groups showed a trend toward increased frequencies of IL-4 + T cells in the blood ( Fig. 2D ).

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Thus, while we did not see a Th2 response in the intestine, Ascaris exposure resulted in a clear trend at other sites, in concordance with our previous observations where intestinal type 2 responses were detected at 28 dpi while Th2 cells were clearly seen earlier at 14 dpi in the lung ( 34 ).

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